止血带在使用时有哪些需要注意的?

2022-06-15 11:20

    止血带是用于四肢大出血急救时简单、有效的止血方法,它通过压迫血管阻断血流达到止血目的。止血带的材质以橡皮条或橡皮管为好,不宜用布带、电线等无弹性的带子。绑扎位置应在伤口的上方(近心端),并尽量靠近伤口,以上臂的上1/3和大腿中上部为宜。小腿和前臂不能用止血带,因该处有两根骨头,血管正好走在两骨之间,起不到压迫血管的作用。上臂的中下1/3部位亦不能上止血带,因它可能引起神经损伤而致手臂瘫痪。可选择宽度至少5厘米(2英寸)的布带,当作止血带来使用。如果被迫使用更窄的线(电线或者是绳索)的话,必须垫上折叠多层的布料,以减少不适感,避免损伤神经或者肌肉。

使用注意事项:

    1、止血带阻断血液流动,捆扎的时间过长会造成严重损伤甚至导致肢体坏死。

    2、止血带只能用于捆扎四肢,忌捆扎头部、颈部或躯干部。

    3、不要遮住捆扎在肢体上的止血带。

    4、检查血液的循环情况。绷带包扎完毕后,应经常检查脚趾或者手指,观察末端是否有发绀、皮温下降等现象。如果有应该松开,否则可引起组织坏死。

    5、使用不当或使用时间过长,可造成远端肢体缺血、坏死,造成残废,为此,只有在出血剧烈,用其它方法不能止血时才能应用。

Tourniquet is a simple and effective hemostatic method for massive bleeding of limbs. It can stop bleeding by blocking blood flow through compression of blood vessels. The material of tourniquet is rubber strip or rubber tube, and inelastic tape such as cloth tape and wire should not be used. The binding position should be above the wound (proximal to the heart) and as close to the wound as possible, the upper 1/3 of the upper arm and the middle and upper thigh are appropriate. You can't use a tourniquet on the leg or forearm, because there are two bones and the blood vessels run right between them and don't compress the blood vessels. A tourniquet should not be applied to the middle and lower 1/3 of the upper arm, as it may cause nerve damage and paralysis of the arm. Choose a cloth band at least 5 cm (2 inches) wide for hemostasis. If you are forced to use narrower wires (wires or ropes), layers of fabric must be folded to reduce discomfort and avoid nerve or muscle damage.

Precautions for use:

1. Tourniquet blocks blood flow, which may cause serious injury or even limb necrosis if tied for too long.

2. Tourniquet can only be used to bind limbs, not head, neck or trunk.

3. Do not cover the tourniquet tied around your limbs.

4. Check the circulation of blood. After bandaging, check toes or fingers frequently to see if the ends have cyanosis or skin temperature drop. If there is, it should be released, otherwise it may cause tissue necrosis.

5, improper use or use for too long, can cause distal limb ischemia, necrosis, resulting in disability, therefore, only in severe bleeding, with other methods can not be applied when bleeding.